Bhutan Migrates National ID System to Ethereum Blockchain

Bhutan is shifting its national digital identity system from Polygon to Ethereum, covering nearly 800,000 citizens. Ethereum integration is fully operational, enabling residents to verify credentials, access government services, and receive Verifiable Credentials (VCs). The move strengthens decentralisation, transparency, and resilience while demonstrating Bhutan’s leadership in blockchain adoption. The nation also maintains the fifth-largest Bitcoin holdings, using renewable hydropower for mining and strategic wallet management to reduce risk exposure.